![]() While they had seven children only their fourth son Juan was unaffected. Under Spanish law, an heir who was physically compromised could not take the throne. While Spain was a constitutional monarchy, the King still played a significant role. This decision had a significant impact on Spain’s political stability. Queen Victoria, c 1870.ĭespite warnings from King Edward VII and the Spanish Ambassador, King Alfonso XIII of Spain married Princess Victoria Eugenie, a granddaughter of Queen Victoria. Some of these royal families took precautions to secure their bloodline, but others were not so careful. As a result, haemophilia presented itself in various royal bloodlines throughout Europe including Spain, Russia, and Prussia. Haemophilia is thought to be passed down through the female line, and many of Victoria’s female descendants had married into other European royal families. As neither her maternal or paternal side had previously displayed symptoms of the disease, scientists believe that it was the result of a genetic mutation. ![]() The royal disease is thought to have originated with Queen Victoria. Thought to have originated with Queen Victoria and passed down through the female line, both the disease and women as potential carriers, played an integral role in shaping the political landscape of 20th century Europe. In the late 19th and early 20th century, haemophilia presented a huge threat to the future and stability of some of the oldest monarchies in Europe. What is the probability that their children will have the disease? What sex will a child in the family with hemophilia be?ġ2 Show the cross of… A woman who has hemophilia marries a normal man.Haemophilia played a major role in the downfall of the Russian royal family – but they were not the only royal house to feel its effects. What is the probability that their children will have the disease?ġ1 Show the cross of… A woman who is a carrier marries a normal man. Males will either have the disease or not (but they won’t ever be carriers) XHXH = Female, normal XHY = Male, normal XHXh = Female, carrier XhY = Male, hemophiliac XhXh = Female, hemophiliacġ0 Show the cross of… A man who has hemophelia with a woman who is a carrier. Females can be normal, carriers, or have the disease. Hemophelia Genes In humans, hemophilia is a sex linked trait. Therefore, the British monarchy today does not carry the recessive allele for hemophilia, at least not inherited from Queen Victoria. Because he did not inherit the trait, he could not pass it on to his children. Queen Elizabeth II, the current British monarch is descended from Queen Victoria’s eldest son, Edward VII. The series of events surrounding Alexis and his hemophelia played a role in the downfall of the Russian monarchy. In desperation, the family turned to Rasputin, a man who claimed to have healing abilities and used Alexis ‘ illness for his own political power. Four healthy daughters were born, but the only male heir to the throne, Alexei, showed signs of bleeding and bruising at 6 weeks of age.ħ Alexei Having a brother, an uncle and two cousins who had suffered from the disorder and died at early ages, you can imagine the despair Alexandra felt for her son and the future heir. Irene’s sister, and Queen Victoria’s granddaughter, Alexandra, married Czar Nicholas 11 of Russia. One of her daughters, Irene, passed the trait to the next generation of Prussian royalty – 2 of her sons. Once of Alice’s sons, Frederick, died at the age of 3 from hemophilia. Two of their sons died from hemophilia in their early 30’s.Īlice, another of Victoria’s daughters, married Louis IV of Hesse, a member of the Prussian royal family and related to Prince Henry of Battenberg. Her daughter, Victoria, was a carrier and married King Alfonso XIII of Spain, thus transmitting the gene to the Spanish royal family. ![]() Two of their sons inherited the trait, both dying before the age of 35. Queen Victoria’s daughter Beatrice, a carrier for the trait, married Prince Henry of Battenberg, a descendent of Prussian royalty. Her son Leopold had hemophilia and died as a result of a minor fall (hemophelia does not allow blood to clot, and as a result you can bleed to death from as little as a paper cut or stubbed toe!). ![]() Queen Victoria had 5 sons and 5 daughters. 2 One of the most famous examples of a pedigree demonstrating inheritance of a sex-linked trait is the family of Queen Victoria of England and hemophilia.
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